The damping vibration performance of the blade after metallization of steam turbine blades is studied. The turbine impeller was simplified and then modeled by ug software, and the modal analysis is carried out on the integral blade disk of the same thickness of the aluminum, titanium, aluminum titanium film blade and the uncoated blade by ANSYS software. The vibration pattern and natural vibration frequency are obtained, and the vulnerable parts of the impeller are observed as a whole；Harmonic response analysis of a single blade,The deformation of the four blades under the same load was further analyzed, and their damping effects were discussed.Combined with the experimental results, the test specimens were subjected to aluminum plating, titanium plating, aluminum plating first and then titanium plating treatment, and uncoated specimens formed a control group.Testing the damping performance of coatings with a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analyzer (DMA).The results show that the deformation of each step mode of the blade after coating is smaller than that of the blade without coating，it can play a certain damping effect on the blade coating.

It is difficult to accurately interpret reservoir fluid with complex oil⁃water relation, by the conventional two⁃dimensional or three⁃dimensional geochemical chart, because of the fuzzy oil⁃bearing or water⁃bearing representation reflected by single two or three geochemical parameters. On the basis of geochemical data validated by oil production test, the geochemical pyrolysis parameters that directly reflect the distribution relationship of oil, gas and water in the reservoir are constructed. Four geochemical parameters are constructed and three two⁃dimensional subgraphs are constructed, which realize the comprehensive and comparison analysis of oil⁃bearing and water⁃bearing characteristic of samples. The final reservoir interpretation is obtained through the analysis of comprehensive geochemical cross chart united pyrolysis gas chromatography and geological fluorescence. The application of geochemical cross chart has achieved good effects in Agadem block, Niger.

Complex [Cu(2,6⁃pidic)(H2O)2]2 was synthesized to obtain monocrystals using the hydrothermal method, whose space group P⁃1. The crystallographic data shows that a=0.469 92(2) nm, b=0.893 20(3) nm, c=1.030 36(6) nm. Each structure cell contains two molecules, one of which is isolated from the other. Coordination number of the center copper ions is five. Complex magnetic susceptibility measurement confirmed the antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cu2+ ions.

A snow melting anti-condensation ice material for road asphalt pavement is prepared by using aluminum oxide as the carrier and acetate as the anti-condensation active material. The effects of the mass ratio of calcium acetate and magnesium acetate on the freezing point of the prepared materials,the adsorption effect of the three carriers and the amount of hydrophobic agent added on the precipitation of acetate were investigated,and the effect of anti-freezing and snow melting was investigated. The structure and stability of the prepared materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that the mass ratio of medium calcium acetate and magnesium acetate in the anticondensation ice material is 1∶2,the self-made Al ₂O ₃ carrier is used. When the mass fraction of silicone hydrophobic agent is 9%,the high temperature stability of the snow melting anticondensation ice material is better. It has a good effect of suppressing ice and snow.

The preparation of supported adsorbent Al(OH) ₃/SiO ₂ and its adsorption behavior on uranyl ions were studied.The effects of adsorbent quality,solution pH,initial solution concentration,temperature and contact time on adsorption performance were investigated.The adsorption mechanism was preliminarily studied based on adsorption isotherm,thermodynamics,and kinetics.The effects of coexisting ions and fulvic acid on the adsorption properties were also investigated.The results showed that when the adsorbent mass was 0.03 g,pH=5,initial concentration of uranyl ions was 1 mmol/L,temperature was 303 K and contact time was 60 min,the maximum adsorption capacity was 110.4 mg/g,which could be reused four times.The adsorption process of uranyl ion on Al(OH) ₃/SiO ₂ is endothermic and spontaneous.The adsorption of monolayers is dominant,the adsorption behavior conforms to the quasisecondary kinetic model,and the chemical adsorption is the rate control step.

A new type Mannich base was developed by the reaction of binary copolymer AM/C ₉ synthesized from C ₉ petroleum fractions with acrylamide as raw materials. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, pH of solution and ratio of aldehyde were studied. The apparent viscosity of Mannich was characterized by IR spectroscopy and its structure is characterized. Finally, the performance of the product is analyzed. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions were as follows: The reaction time is 4 h, the reaction temperature is 70 ℃, the pH is 9 and the ratio of dimethylamine to formaldehyde was 1.5. The result of infrared spectrum characterization shows that the product has been synthesized. Synthetic Mannich base has higher viscosity, temperature and salt tolerance compared with traditional HPAM.

Based on the theory of GONE fraud, from greed, opportunities, needs and exposed four dimensions, the influence factors of financial fraud was analyzed, the 1992—2015 penalized agricultural listed companies were selected as research samples, and fraud identification model was build. It was found from the analysis that the dual role as the chairman and general manager intensified the efforts on fraud greed. Controlling shareholders in the nation's, the chance of financial fraud in companies was reduced. The higher financial needs were, the greater the risk of the enterprise fraud was in the rights issues. The performance of nonstandard audit opinion increased the probability of enterprise financial fraud exposure.

The conventional technologies of reducing heavy oil viscosity exit the shortages of affecting the quality of crude oil, heavy workload, high cost and other defects. Therefore, new method of heavy oil viscosity reduction based on hydrocarbondegrading bacteria was discussed. A hydrocarbondegrading bacterium was isolated in the laboratory. Its growth curve and its function of reducing viscosity and wax in heavy oil were studied. The results showed that the reduction rate of crude oil ranged from 22.49% to 32.93% and wax precipitation point decreased from the 44.4 ℃ to 39.5 ℃. The same as wax content dropped from 13.00% to 3.80%. The resin content dropped from 16.45% to 13.75%. After adding D1 strain, wax removal rate was 70.08% and wax precipitation point fell 4.9 ℃. The strain had a significant effect on reducing the viscosity of heavy oil and wax content.

       In view of excessive water yield of L block in Daqing oilfield, studies of activated water driving system were conduct in Xing-12 test block. Combined with block reservoir condition, suitable surfactants were selected, and optimization of driving system for activated water was carried out by the result of laboratory physical simulation experiment. It can be found that oil/water interfacial tension effectively decreased and oil recovery was enhanced with addition of surfactant. And injection pressure also rises up with increase of concentration of surfactant. In the laboratory oil driving experiment, the growth range of recovery ratio tended to slow down when the mass fraction of 1 ^# activated water exceeded to 0.08%. Eventually the paper combines with experiment results and methods of economic assessment, the oil driving system suitable for Xing-12 test block is screened out. That is the mass fraction 0.08% activated water prepared with betaine type surfactant and formation water, and optimal dosage is 0.25 PV.

      The ice blocking could happen during the process of conveying products oil in the pipeline, because of the low temperature in north China in winter. The pipeline occurred ice blocking, not only oil transport was affected but also unnecessary damage of production was caused, and the potential safety hazard could exist when it became serious. Based on thenumerical simulation software FLUENT, the flow field distribution was calculated around the single and multiple ice blocks in products pipeline which were in different height. The research results showed that increasing with the height of the ice wall, the pressure difference of front and back produced nonlinear changes, the pressure distribution regularities of multiple ice also produced nonlinear changes. In the aspect of velocity, the velocity variation degree of front and back the ice block was relatively stable, but the velocity change process around the ice block was more obviously and layered effect was better, the speed distribution regularities of multiple ice blocks were similar to that of the single ice blocks.

The finite element method was used to compare and analyze fluid flow and mixing characteristics between three kinds of rotor mixer, 4WS,4WH and 6WI.The UG software was used to build 3D geometry models. The Gambit software was used to be grid division. And model was used to simulate the flow field of three kinds of internal mixer by BirdCarreau constitutive model and Polyflow software. By comparing the average velocity, the axial velocity and the shear rate, the flow patterns of the three flow fields were obtained. At the same time, the distribution of the mixture of the three parameters was described by using the parameters of the particle index, the average logarithmic stretch index, the probability of the particle index, the average mixing efficiency and the residence time distribution. The simulation results showed that, because of the special variable clearance rotor structure of 6WI rotor mixer, the flow field was more easily changed, and its mixing performance was higher than that of the other two kinds of rotor mixer.

In tertiary recovery process, there was a need of the static mixer promoting the polymer solution mixed with water to drive oil. Therefore, the mixing efficiency of the static mixer had an important influence on the efficiency of oil production. Based on that the mixing efficiency of the current commonly used static mixer was not high enough, a new type static mixer was developed. The flow characteristics of the fluid in the mixer were studied by the numerical simulation, and the simulation results were verified by the experiments and the performance of the mixer was measured. The result showed that the results of the simulation and experimental were in good agreement; the new type static mixer had the high mixing efficiency and mixing effect; the pressure drop of the static mixer met the requirement, and the best inlet rate was about 0.14 m/s

Chemical pipeline figure usually contains a large number of valves and fittings, which are the difficult part of 3D reconstruction. Based on the study of simply connected chemical pipeline reconstruction, a method that replaced different valves or fittings with different color segments was proposed. This method helped identify and match pipelines more quickly and accurately, and completed the 3D reconstruction. The main content consisted of the information recognition and matched with the front view and a top view of the pipeline diagram, the storage and access of 3D information, and the study of application examples. The implementation was mainly conducted by using AutoLISP, which was the secondary development language of AutoCAD.

A quantitative analysis model for the determination of the oxide concentration in a doublecomponent containing model oil is established based on the infrared spectroscopy data for cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol components in model oil, the regression of prominent component, and the regression of back propagation neural algorithm and support vector machine. The infrared spectroscopy data were compressed by principal component analysis and used as input information to develop models. The three quantitative models can predict the respective oxide contents, with the predictive ability of support vector machine model superior to the other two models, showing a good stability of support vector machine model. Comparing with traditional methods, the established model provides a simple, fast, nodamage, costeffective and green determination method.

In this paper, nickel ion and cobalt ion were separated from multimetal ionic solution system using P507/P204 as extraction agent by different two separation process. The extraction process parameters were calculated according to the theory of multistage countercurrent extraction, and the extraction experiment of two different processes were carried out based on the calculated process parameters, the results show that the raw liquid was extracted with P507 at first, the nickel ion was separated from multiple metal ion raw solution and the recovery rate value was up to 99.69%, the recovery rate of cobalt was 98.19%, when the raw liquid was extracted with P204 at first, nickel and cobalt were separated from the raw liquid at simultaneously and then P507 was used to separate nickel and cobalt, by this method, the recovery rate of nickel was 98.39%, the recovery rate of cobalt was 96.59%. Therefore, high recovery rate of nickel and cobalt could be obtained when P507 as extraction agent was used to separate nickel ion from multimetal ion solution initially. 

 

Spiral separator has the characteristics of simple structure, light weight and wellseparated effect, which becomes one of the commonest centrifugal separator currently. CFD method was used to simulate wateroil separation in spiral pipe under the condition of a variety of entrance velocities and cross section shapes, and obtained a wateroil separation result that for a spiral pipe with circular cross section shape, the separation effect became sharper as the velocity increased, and too fast or too slow velocity both impacted the effect. When they were equal cross section areas, circular had a better effect than laddershaped and square cross sections. Based on the numerical simulation, the result provided a certain theoretical basis for spiral pipe technology.

Carbon based naphthalenesulfonic acid was used as a catalyst in the synthesis of alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) from nonterminal olefin of C13~C14 and maleic anhydride. The catalytic activity and stability of the catalyst were evaluated quantitatively by gas chromatography. The results show that carbon based naphthalenesulfonic acid catalyst has high activity and good stability in the synthesis of ASA. When the activation temperature of catalyst is 250 ℃, the optimum conditions are as follows: reaction temperature 190 ℃, reaction time 4 h, weight ratio of catalyst to reactant 1∶100, molar ratio of nonterminal olefin to anhydride is 3∶1, and the weight percentage of antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol is 0.5%. Under the above conditions, the yield of ASA can reach 59.6%.

Active solid base catalyst was prepared from waste eggshell and characterized by TGA-DTA and BET analysis, and then applied to produce methyl esters of soybean oil from soybean oil and methanol. The effects of reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to soybean oil, catalyst dosage (weight ratio of catalyst to oil) and reaction time on the transesterification performance were investigated. A high biodiesel yield (98.9%) can be obtained at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 10∶1, the mass fraction of catalyst 3.0%, firing temperature 950 ℃ for 3.0 h. Further, reusability of the prepared catalyst was investigated under the optimal reacting condition, the experimental results show that the catalyst maintained high catalytic activity and higher biodiesel yield (>98%) is obtained even after recyc1ing 13 times.

Solid acid catalyst NaHSO ₄·SiO ₂ was prepared by sol-gel method from NaHSO ₄·SiO ₂, TEOS and isopropyl alcohol, and applied in the biodiesel production with the esterification reaction of oleic acid and methanol. The factors including catalyst calcination temperature, NaHSO ₄ loading, reaction time, catalyst amount, reactants molar ratio methanol to oleic acid on the biodiesel yield were investigated. The experimental results show that solid acid catalyst NaHSO ₄·SiO ₂ has high catalytic activity, the esterification reaction conversion can reach 95.19% under the following optimal conditions: catalyst calcination temperature 200 ℃, NaHSO ₄ loading 15.0%, reaction time of 5.0 h, n(methanol)∶n(oleic acid)= 10∶1 and weight ratio of catalyst to oleic acid 10∶1. 

Silica-supported H3PW12O40catalysts (TPA/SiO ₂) with different TPA loadings were prepared by sol-gel method and characterized by XRD and N2-adsorption ． Their activities in the condensation of glycerol with acetone to produce acetone ketal of glycerol were studied. The effects of calcination temperature of catalyst, TPA loading, catalyst dosage and reaction time were investigated in detail. It is found that the TPA/SiO₂ catalyst, with mean grain size of 20.9~26.4 nm in typical amorphous phase, exhibited excellent catalytic activity and good stability for synthesis of acetone ketal of glycerol. The optimal conditions areasfollows:  catalyst  calcination  temperature  500  ℃ ,  the  mass  radio  of  the  TPA  loading  15.0%, n(acetone) ∶ n(glycerol)=1 ∶ 3, catalyst/glycerol mass ratio 8.0%, cyclohexane 15 mL and reaction time 6.0 h. The yield of Solketal can reach over 93.2% at the optimum conditions.

 

 

Cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal was synthesized by using cyclohexanone 1,2-propylene glycol as starting materials and silica-supported ferric sulfate \[Fe ₂(SO ₄) ₃/SiO ₂\] solid acid as a catalyst under solvent-less conditions. The catalyst was prepared by sol-gel and impregnation methods. Efects of factors on yield of product，such as calcination temperature of Fe ₂(SO ₄) ₃/SiO ₂ solid acid catalyst, the mass fration of Fe ₂(SO ₄) ₃, molar ratio of the reactant，reaction time，mass fraction of catalyst and its stability，were investigated in detail. The results show that the Fe ₂(SO ₄) ₃/SiO ₂ has high catalytic activities. The optimal reaction conditions are: calcination temperatures of Fe ₂₍SO ₄) ₃/SiO ₂ solid acid catalyst 300 ℃, the mass fration of Fe ₂(SO ₄) ₃ in SiO ₂ 20%, molar ratio of cyclohexanone to 1,2-propanediol 1∶1, the mass fraction of catalyst 5% and the reaction time 70 min. Under the above conditions the yield of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal is 98.21%. Fe ₂(SO ₄) ₃/SiO ₂ catalyst is excellent in stability and reusability，and yield of cyclohexanone 1,2-propanediol ketal keeps at 88.90% after being used for 5 times

The modified Flory-Huggins formula was adopted to calculate the free energy in mixing old asphalt with rejuvenator, and discussed their phase behavior. The solubility parameters and ratio of aromatic carbon of three aged asphalts are more than that of their materials. The mixing free energy of Caltex aged asphalt and rejuvenator R1 is above 0.0 (ΔGM＞0) at 25 ℃, their process of mixing is not spontaneity, so their mixing can’t form the homogeneous phase system. The mixing free energies of R2, R3, composite rejuvenator and aged asphalt are all below 0.0 (ΔGM＜0) at 25 ℃, their processes of mixing are spontaneity, so their mixing can form the homogeneous phase system.

Silica-supported H3PW12O40 (e.g. PW12/SiO2) catalysts were prepared in the sol-gel method to solve the problems of H3PW12O40 such as low surface area, difficult separation, and reuse. The catalysts were characterized by XRD and N2-adsorption, their catalytic performance for the condensation of benzaldehyde with glycerol evaluated. The effects of calcination temperature of catalyst, PW12 loading, catalyst dosage and reaction time were investigated. The results show that PW12/SiO2(550 ℃) solid acid have a mean grain size of 20.9~26.4 nm which are typically amorphous. The nanoparticles have high catalytic activity and stability for synthesizing benzaldehyde glycerol acetals. The optimum conditions are as follows: the catalyst calcination temperature is 550 ℃, PW12 loading (mass fraction ) is 10%, the catalyst dosage is 0.5 g, n(benzaldehyde)∶n(glycerol)=1∶1.1, the volume of toluene is 15 mL, the reaction time is 2.0 h. Under these conditions, the conversion of benzaldehyde is 99.2%. Obviouslyy, the unique structure of the Keggin anions and surface acid center and the high specific surface area and the pseudoliquid phase of PW12/SiO2 play an important role in the condensation of benzaldehyde with glycerol.

Amorphous carbon-based material prepared from expanded starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid has been examined as a novel strong solid acid catalyst. The catalytic performances were studied on esterification of oleic acids with ethanol. The effects of molar ratio of alcohol with oleic acid, catalyst concentration and reaction time were discussed. The results of XRD and acid-base titration indicated the incompletely carbonization of the mixtures of expanded starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid results in amorphous carbon consisting of small polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets. The results indicate that carbon-based catalysts are highly effective, minimally polluting and reusable catalysts that are highly suited to the production of biodiesel from waste oils with a high acid value. When the esterification reaction was carried out with molar ratio of ethanol to oleic acid of 8∶1, reaction time of 6.0 h and w(catalyst) 5.0％，the maximum yield of ethyl oleate was 83.78％. There was very little change in the catalytic activity of the regenerated catalyst, even after six cycles.

The CuSO ₄/SiO ₂ solid acid catalyst was prepared by sol-gel and impregnation methods. The CuSO ₄/SiO ₂ solid acid catalyst were characterized by XRD、N2-adsorption and NH3-TPD. Cyclohexanone ethylene ketal was synthesized from cyclohexanone and ethylene glycol through condensation, CuSO ₄/SiO ₂ as catalyst. The effects of calcination temperature of catalyst, CuSO ₄ loading, catalyst dosage, molar ratio of reactants, reaction time，types and volume of entrainer on the synthesis were investigated. The results show that the CuSO ₄ solid acid catalyst has high catalytic activities and good stability. The optimum conditions are as follows: the calcination temperature of catalyst is 500 ℃, the CuSO ₄ loading is 20%(w), molar ratio of cyclohexanone to ethylene glycol is 1∶1.2. Under these conditions, the yield of cyclohexanone ethylene ketal  would  be 99.1%.

New carbon-based solid acid catalyst was synthesized from starch and p-toluene sulfonic acid，and applied for the preparation of biodiesel with soybean oil and ethanol. The effect of reaction conditions such as the reaction time, reaction temperature, the molar ratio of ethanol with soybean oil, the amount of catalyst to the yield of biodiesel was investigated. The new carbon-based solid acid catalyst shows high catalytic activity and good stability, and can easily be separated from the products. The optimal conditions are: the molar ratio of ethanol to soybean oil 8∶1, the amount of catalyst is the quality of soybean oil 7.0%（w）, reaction time 8 h , reaction temperature 80 ℃. Under optimum condition, the yield of biodiesel could reach 67.4%.